Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a category of lung cancers that encompasses adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Representing roughly 85% of all lung cancer cases, NSCLC typically grows and spreads more slowly than small cell lung cancer. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, depending on the stage and molecular characteristics of the tumor. NSCLC is a major focus of oncology research due to its prevalence and impact on global health.