E-commerce is the process of conducting commercial transactions online, including the sale of goods, services, and digital products. It encompasses various models such as business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). Driven by advancements in technology, secure payment systems, and global logistics, e-commerce has reshaped retail and supply chains, offering convenience and expanding market access for both companies and consumers.