The U.S. Securities and Commission issued a report earlier this month suggesting brokers — via gamified user interfaces and mechanisms such as payment for order flow — lured investors to increase their trading which, in turn, resulted in higher revenues.
Context: The SEC report comes after a wave of speculative commentaries on online forums like WallStreetBets earlier this year in which market participants fueled a rise in the volume and share prices of popularized meme stocks.
The report closely examined trade in GameStop Corporation GME.
Shares of the stock rose as high as $513 premarket in late January 2021, after which, due to the risk management of clearing agencies, numerous brokers limited trades.
This resulted in synthetic imbalances and a move lower in price.
4 Key Takeaways From The SEC's 'Meme Stock' Report
The Findings: Amid a rebellion against short-selling professional investors — evidenced by a short interest in GameStop, as a percentage of float, as high as 123% — the narrative months ago was that the meme stocks experienced a short squeeze.
That’s opposite to what the SEC’s report suggests: it said that although “the run-up in GME stock price coincided with buying by those with short positions, buying was a small fraction of overall buy volume.”
In the SEC’s analysis of the options market, there was no evidence of a gamma squeeze.
“[T]his increase in options trading volume was mostly driven by an increase in the buying of put, rather than call, options. Further, data show that market-makers were buying, rather than writing, call options.”
The Conclusions: The SEC’s conclusion on the role options played during the near-vertical price rise in stocks like GameStop may be flawed, according to SpotGamma founder Brent Kochuba.
Kochuba said he believes retail investors aggressively bought stock and short-term call options, initiating a gamma squeeze. Thereafter, options volatility and prices rose dramatically, pricing out retail. That’s when institutional investor flow came to dominate.
SpotGamma’s data suggests that a gamma squeeze transpired in two stages:
- The first was the result of significant call buying on the part of retail participants.
- Later, institutional participants sold to open put options.
Both of these actions resulted in a so-called short-gamma environment, leading counterparties to buy stock into the price rise. This exacerbated underlying price movements.
Click here for SpotGamma’s full analysis of the events that transpired in early 2021.
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