The Russia-Ukraine conflict originated in 2014 with Russia's annexation of Crimea and escalated into a full-scale war in February 2022 when Russian forces invaded Ukraine. The ongoing hostilities have reshaped global geopolitics, disrupted supply chains, and impacted energy markets, particularly in Europe. The war has led to widespread humanitarian crises, sanctions on Russia, and heightened tensions between NATO and Moscow, influencing international relations and market dynamics worldwide.