The Affordable Care Act (ACA), signed into law in 2010, is a landmark U.S. healthcare reform designed to expand access to health insurance, curb healthcare costs, and improve care quality. It introduced measures such as the individual mandate, Medicaid expansion, and the creation of health insurance marketplaces. The ACA has significantly influenced the healthcare industry, insurance markets, and public policy debates, making it a key factor in U.S. health and economic policy.