The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, began in late 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide, prompting unprecedented public health measures. It has resulted in millions of infections and deaths, disrupted global supply chains, and reshaped economies. Governments implemented lockdowns, travel restrictions, and vaccination campaigns to curb its spread, while businesses adapted to remote work and shifting consumer behavior. The pandemic continues to influence healthcare, policy, and market dynamics.