Diabetes is a long-term metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or ineffective insulin use. The condition is broadly classified into Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes, each with distinct causes and treatment approaches. It is a major public health issue affecting hundreds of millions globally, contributing to complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and vision loss. Advances in medical research, pharmaceuticals, and technology continue to shape prevention and management strategies.