Should I Pay Off My Mortgage or Invest?

Paying off your mortgage vs investing depends on your earning expectations and current mortgage term. 

Should I pay off my mortgage? It's a question many homeowners ask, and it's easier to get an answer for your scenario than you might think. Others are wondering, Should I pay off my mortgage or invest?

This question, invest or pay off a mortgage is a hot topic - and with good reason. That's why Benzinga has compiled this article for you. So, is it smarter to invest or pay off a mortgage?

Tackle this dilemma with a look at both sides in our guide.

Should You Pay Off Your Mortgage or Invest?

• There’s no clear winner – this depends on earning expectations and your mortgage terms.
• You may want to pay off your mortgage early if you want to free up more cash. Paying off the principal feels great!
• You want to invest if you believe in the power of index investing and are okay with taking on the risk. 

Paying Off Your Mortgage

In answer to the question, Should I pay off my mortgage early, you should consider the total interest percentage. When you buy a house (after October 2015), somewhere in the pile of papers you sign at closing, there’s a total interest percentage (TIP). It spells out how much you pay in interest relative to the loan amount (Earlier mortgages had a “finance charge” in loan documents.)

At 5% APR, the TIP for a $200,000 loan is over 90%. This means an extra $180,000 will be paid in loan costs over the 30-year term of the loan.

Assuming you don’t have $200,000 in cash to pay off the mortgage, you might be considering extra payments. We can work with a conservative $100 per month as an extra payment, about $3 per day. Over a 30-year loan, the extra $100 per month will trim 5 years off the loan and save $37,000 in interest.

Here’s the real question: Can you make more than $37,000 in 30 years by investing $100 per month? Historically speaking, yes. That's a great point to consider when wondering, Is it better to pay off a mortgage or invest.

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Investing Instead

Know someone who bought Google, Microsoft or Apple in the early days? Or someone who saw his retirement savings cut dramatically in 2009? Investing can be equally risky as it is rewarding. 

A safe investing route can be to follow a diversified index and is a factor when asking, Invest or pay off a mortgage.

Index investing isn’t exactly new. The concept (and the 1st index mutual fund) dates back to the early 1970s when Vanguard introduced a fund that closely tracked the S&P 500.

Today there are many alternatives that can also track the S&P 500 (like the best S&P 500 ETFs and S&P 500 index funds). A popular investment option is SPY, a low-expense exchange-traded fund. 

You can easily track historical S&P performance to better understand what’s likely to happen in the long term. Individual stocks or more focused indexes may not have as much history or provide as much diversification in a single ETF or mutual fund. Historically, the S&P has delivered about a 10% return, including a 7% real return and 3% from inflation.

The rate of return depends on the time frame. For example, the S&P dipped in 1928, 1930, 1954 and once again in 1982. Later years show the S&P’s dramatic rise with several dips or crashes along the way. 

Even in the decades when the S&P was essentially flat, reinvested dividends from the index made the investment worthwhile, helping to multiply the growth when the market began to grow rapidly. 

It’s impossible to know what will happen with the S&P index or any other investment over a 30-year time frame, but history tells us we can probably earn a 10% average annual return if we hold the investment and don’t sell at the first sign of trouble.

Using history as a guide, investing $100 per month in the S&P would net a nest egg of nearly $165,000 if you had started investing in May of 1988 and continued through May of 2018, the length of a 30-year mortgage.

According to census data, the average home price in May of 1988 was $133,500. To be fair, interest rates were higher 30 years ago as well, topping 10% as an average for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage.

Factors to Consider When

When faced with the decision of whether to pay off your mortgage or invest, it is important to carefully consider the following questions:

• Is my emergency savings amount enough? - It is generally recommended by financial experts that individuals should strive to set aside an emergency fund equal to three to six months' worth of living expenses. The amount you choose to save will be influenced by factors such as your risk tolerance, ability to save, and current financial commitments.

• Am I saving an adequate amount for my retirement? - Experts have differing opinions on the ideal amount to have saved for retirement at various points in one's career. It is important to consider your future withdrawal strategy in order to determine the appropriate level of savings to accumulate at present.

• What is the total amount of my other debts? - It is essential to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of your financial situation in order to determine the most effective debt payoff strategy. Prioritizing which debts to pay off first can ultimately lead to interest savings, increased investment opportunities, and improved overall financial responsibility.

• What opportunities do I have to Increase my earnings? - Increasing income is an important factor to consider when deciding between investing or paying down your mortgage. Ways to increase income include requesting a raise at work, engaging in a side hustle, and investing in oneself. Ultimately, the decision depends on individual financial goals and circumstances.

• Is your mortgage rate higher than expected portfolio returns? - It is important to regularly review and analyze your investment portfolio's performance, evaluating both short-term and long-term return rates. A reliable benchmark for comparison in this scenario is the S&P 500 index, known for its historical average annual returns of 10 percent. If your investment returns surpass the national average mortgage interest rate, it may be wise to maintain your current mortgage and focus on maximizing your investment opportunities.

Advantages of Paying Off Your Mortgage

If you’re nearing retirement age or if you expect a change in your household income, it can make sense to pay off the mortgage to free up more cash each month. This approach will work whether you have a conventional mortgage or 1 that’s government-backed.

It’s also 1 less thing to worry about. Retirees, in particular, are likely to enjoy the freedom of not having a monthly mortgage payment and not needing to work part-time to make mortgage payments. 

The money saved by not paying mortgage interest diminishes later in the loan. The payment toward interest in the last 10 years of the loan becomes just over half what it was at the start of the loan.

In the last few years of a mortgage, nearly all of your mortgage payment goes towards the principal. Paying off a mortgage late in the term does more for peace of mind than it does for financial gain through not paying interest.

Disadvantages of Paying Off Your Mortgage

A guaranteed return is paying down debt. The gains are particularly strong when the debt is high-interest and not tax-advantaged.

If you have credit card debt at 15% interest, it’s unlikely that you can expect that kind of return from investments. Paying off the debt is the best move — and it’s paid with after-tax money, which makes it equivalent to a taxable investment that returns well above 15%.

The return on investment from paying down mortgage debt becomes less evident. Mortgage interest rates haven’t been at 15% for a long time. Rates hover at about 5%, so it’s difficult to imagine that you can’t earn a higher return by investing instead.

That's especially true if you find the best cash-out finance lenders.

Additionally, by paying off your mortgage early, you lose the mortgage interest tax deduction, which for most households serves to effectively lower the cost of mortgage interest. Depending on your tax bracket, the mortgage interest deduction might lower a 5% mortgage rate to about 3.5% with the best lenders to refinance a mortgage.  

Paying off your mortgage can also reduce your liquidity by putting more of your money into an illiquid asset.

Advantages of Investing

The primary advantage of investing instead of paying off your mortgage is that you’re building a liquid asset that has the potential to put you in a better financial position than if you simply eliminated your mortgage interest expense.

There aren’t any guarantees that your money will grow, but there is historical data that suggests your chances of earning more through index investing are very good, assuming an extended time frame. 

Short-term investments often do not allow enough time for the market to recover from dips or downturns. Using data from a 30-year history of the S&P 500, investing $100 per month can create an investment portfolio worth over $160,000 over 30 years.

Disadvantages of Investing

An honest look at the performance charts for the S&P 500 shows spans, sometimes decades-long, where little or no return was realized by investors. In some cases, investments are still upside down after 10 years or more.

There aren’t any guarantees of a return on investment — with the exception of paying down debt, which always creates a return on investment.

Whether that return on investment from paying down debt is small or large depends on the interest rate and whether the interest is tax-deductible, like in the case of mortgage interest.

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