Synalloy Reports First Quarter 2019 Results

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RICHMOND, Va., April 30, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Synalloy Corporation SYNL, today announced net sales for the first quarter of 2019 of $84.8 million. This represents an increase of $26.3 million or 45% when compared to net sales for the first quarter of 2018. Excluding the net sales of ASTI and Munhall-Galvanized, net sales for the first quarter of 2019 increased $10.3 million, or 17.6% compared to net sales for the first quarter of 2018.

For the first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded a net loss of $0.9 million, or $0.10 diluted loss per share, compared to net income of $3.8 million, or $0.44 diluted earnings per share for the first quarter of 2018. Excluding the financial results of ASTI and Munhall-Galvanized, net income for the first quarter of 2019 decreased $5.1 million, or 126% compared to net income for the first quarter of 2018. The first quarter of 2019 was negatively impacted by inventory price change losses which, on a pre-tax basis, totaled $3.4 million, compared to a $2.5 million gain in the first quarter of 2019.

The Company also reports its performance utilizing two non-GAAP financial measures: Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA. The Company's performance, as calculated under the two measures, is as follows:

  • Adjusted Net Income for the first quarter of 2019 was $0.6 million, or $0.07 adjusted diluted earnings per share, a decrease of $3.1 million from Adjusted Net Income of $3.7 million, or $0.43 adjusted diluted earnings per share for the first quarter of 2018.
  • Adjusted EBITDA decreased $2.9 million for the first quarter of 2019 to $4.8 million (5.6% of sales), from $7.6 million (13.0% of sales) for the first quarter of 2018.

The Company's results are periodically impacted by factors that are not included as adjustments to our non-GAAP measures, but which represent items that help explain differences in period to period results. As mentioned above, for the first quarter of 2019, the most significant of those was inventory price change losses which, on a pre-tax basis, totaled $3.4 million, compared to a $2.5 million gain in the first quarter of 2018, representing a decrease of $5.9 million in pre-tax income compared to the prior year.

"We are very pleased with the Company's performance in the first quarter, with all business units performing in-line or exceeding the 2019 forecast for revenue and earnings," said Craig C. Bram, President and CEO. "The ASTI acquisition exceeded our expectations in the first quarter, both in terms of sales and profits. The markets for high-end ornamental stainless steel tubing remain robust and we are excited about what this new business can contribute going forward. As previously noted, metal price adjustments in the commodity welded stainless steel pipe and tube product line swung from a profit of $2.5 million in the first quarter of 2018 to a loss of $3.4 million in the first quarter of this year. Stainless steel surcharges in the first quarter of this year averaged about 25% less than at the end of the third quarter of last year, generating inventory losses over the past five months. However, assuming surcharges hold at current levels, we anticipate metal price adjustments to reverse and begin to generate profits starting in April. The Chemicals Segment continued to show organic growth in revenue and profit in the first quarter and the pipeline of new products is encouraging," said Bram.

Metals Segment

The Metals Segment's net sales for the first quarter of 2019 totaled $71.1 million, an increase of $25.6 million or 56% from the first quarter of 2018. Excluding the net sales of ASTI and Munhall-Galvanized, Metals Segment net sales for the first quarter of 2019 increased $9.6 million, or 21%, compared to net sales for the first quarter of 2018.

Sales of seamless carbon pipe and tube were up 1.8% over last year's first quarter. Storage tank and vessel sales increased 70.2% over last year's first quarter. Excluding ASTI and Munhall-Galvanized, stainless-steel pipe and tube sales were up 14.6% over the first quarter of 2019.

The backlog for our subsidiary, Bristol Metals, LLC, as of March 31, 2019 was $43.7 million, an increase of 28% when compared to the first quarter of 2018. The backlog for our subsidiary, Palmer of Texas Tanks, Inc., as of March 31, 2019 was $15.8 million, a decrease of 18%, when compared to the first quarter of 2018. The decrease in backlog is primarily attributable to increased throughput as opposed to a decline in order activity. Monthly throughput in the first quarter increased by over 30% from the prior two quarters, both from reduced employee turnover and improvements in the paint and blast department.

The Metals Segment's operating income decreased $4.6 million to $1.4 million for the first quarter of 2019 compared to $6.0 million for the first quarter of 2018.

Current quarter operating results were affected by the following factors:

  1. Nickel prices and resulting surcharges for 304 and 316 alloys ended the first quarter of 2019 lower than the previous two quarters, with surcharges decreasing by $0.05 and $0.06 per pound, respectively, from December 2018 and $0.16 and $0.19 per pound, respectively from September 2018. That combined reduction in the nickel indices resulted in substantially lower pricing in the first quarter, generating a net unfavorable operating impact of $3.4 million related to metal pricing. Compared to a period of rising nickel pricing in the first quarter of 2018, which generated metal pricing gains of $2.5 million, the first quarter of 2019 was unfavorable $5.9 million compared to the first quarter of 2018;
     
  2. The acquisition of ASTI lowered first quarter operating income by $1.3 million, primarily from purchase price accounting that marks up purchased inventory to fair value selling price, thus eliminating profits on the acquired inventory that was sold during the period;
     
  3. Year-over-year improvements in welded pipe and tube, including organic growth as well as the addition of ASTI, and substantial improvement in Palmer tank sales, yielded volume and product mix related incremental operating profits totaling $2.8 million; and
     
  4. Seamless carbon pipe and tube showed an improvement of 1.8% in sales; however, the impact of higher priced tariff materials, lower pricing driven by increased distributor inventories and some lower margin first quarter project business, all resulted in compressed margins of approximately 3%, lowering operating profit by approximately $0.2 million. Some of those impacts should moderate as the year progresses, resulting in more favorable margin performance.

Specialty Chemicals Segment

Net sales for the Specialty Chemicals Segment in the first quarter of 2019 totaled $13.7 million, representing a $0.7 million or 5% increase from the same quarter of 2018.

Net sales continued to benefit during the first quarter 2019 primarily from demand in both contract/toll manufacturing and proprietary products.

Operating income for the Specialty Chemicals Segment for the first quarter of 2019 was $0.6 million, a total that met plan expectations for the seasonally low, first quarter of the year. The result represents a 9% improvement over the first quarter of 2018, excluding a $0.3 million favorable gain booked in the first quarter of 2018 related to a successful legal claim.

Other Items

Unallocated corporate expenses for the first quarter of 2019 increased $0.8 million or 54% to $2.3 million (2.7% of sales) compared to $1.5 million (2.6% of sales) for the first quarter of 2018. The first quarter increase resulted primarily from higher professional fees ($0.3 million), higher stock option/grant compensation ($0.3 million), and higher employee benefits ($0.1 million).

Acquisition costs were $1.6 million for the first quarter of 2019 ($1.3 million recorded in Metals Segment Cost of Sales and $0.3 million in unallocated SG&A), resulting from costs associated with the January 1, 2019 American Stainless acquisition. This compares to $0.2 million (Metals Segment Cost of Sales) during the first quarter of 2018.

Interest expense was $1.0 million and $0.3 million for the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase was related to higher average debt outstanding in the first quarter of 2019, as additional borrowings were primarily related to acquisitions and to support working capital requirements associated with increased business activity.

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded a realized gain of $0.3 million on the sale of equity securities, offset by a net unrealized loss of $0.1 million on the investments in equity securities held as of March 31, 2019.

The effective tax rate was 30.5% for the three-month period ended March 31, 2019. The March 31, 2019 effective tax rate is higher than the statutory rate of 21 percent due to state taxes, net of the federal benefit, and discrete tax benefits on our stock compensation plans. The effective tax rate was 21.6% for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018. The 2018 effective tax rate was higher than the federal statutory rate of 21% due to state tax expense, net of the federal benefit.

The Company's cash balance decreased $1.6 million to $0.6 million as of March 31, 2019 compared to $2.2 million at December 31, 2018. Fluctuations affecting cash flows during the period were comprised of the following:

  1. Net inventories remained relatively consistent at March 31, 2019 when compared to December 31, 2018, mainly due to efforts to balance inventory with projected business levels. Excluding the impact of American Stainless' acquired inventory, the Company generated $5.2 million of operating cash flows from the relief of inventory during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Inventory turns increased from 1.81 turns at December 31, 2018, calculated on a three-month average basis, to 2.15 turns at March 31, 2019;

  2. Accounts payable increased $5.4 million as of March 31, 2019 as compared to December 31, 2018. The majority of the increase is related to increased levels of purchasing activity across all sectors of the business, including first quarter receipts of inventory that were still unpaid on normal terms at the end of the quarter. Accounts payable days outstanding were approximately 36 days at March 31, 2019 compared to 37 days at December 31, 2018;

  3. Net accounts receivable increased $5.8 million at March 31, 2019 as compared to December 31, 2018, which primarily resulted from a 14% increase in sales for the last two months of the first quarter of 2019 compared to the last two months of the fourth quarter of 2018. Days sales outstanding, calculated using a three-month average basis, decreased from 52 days outstanding at the end of December 2018 to 50 days at the end of the March 31, 2019;

  4. On January 1, 2019, the Company paid $21.9 million to complete the ASTI acquisition;

  5. The Company purchased and sold equity securities during the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, which resulted in net cash proceeds of $0.3 million;

  6. Capital expenditures for the first three months of 2019 were $1.0 million; and

  7. The Company paid out $0.6 million during the first three months of 2019 related to the earn-out liabilities from the 2018 MUSA-Galvanized and 2017 MUSA-Stainless acquisitions.

The Company increased its overall debt balance by $15.1 million during the first three months of 2019 and had $91.5 million of total borrowings outstanding with its lender as of March 31, 2019. Covenants under the Credit Agreement include maintaining a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, maintaining a minimum tangible net worth, and a limitation on the Company's maximum amount of capital expenditures per year, which is in line with currently projected needs. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had $25.2 million of remaining available capacity under its Line of credit. The Company was in compliance with all covenants as of March 31, 2019.

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Outlook

Our forecast for the entire Company for 2019 remains unchanged. We are projecting revenue of $340 million and Adjusted EBITDA of $30 million. Adjusted EBITDA reflects metal losses and unfavorable manufacturing variances totaling approximately $3.9 million. In the Metals Segment, our forecast calls for demand in the North American welded stainless steel pipe market to be similar to that of 2018. However, early indications are that market volume in the first quarter was down by as much as 13% over the same period last year. This is likely a reflection of ramped up buying activity in the first quarter of 2018 in advance of the tariffs, as opposed to an actual decline in demand. Our shipments of welded stainless steel pipe in the first quarter of this year were down about 7% from the same period last year, so we outperformed the market and gained share among the domestic producers.

Synalloy Corporation SYNL is a growth-oriented company that engages in a number of diverse business activities including the production of stainless steel pipe and tubing, galvanized pipe and tubing, fiberglass and steel storage tanks, specialty chemicals, and the master distribution of seamless carbon pipe and tubing. For more information about Synalloy Corporation, please visit our web site at www.synalloy.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

This earnings release includes and incorporates by reference "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the federal securities laws. All statements that are not historical facts are "forward-looking statements." The words "estimate," "project," "intend," "expect," "believe," "should," "anticipate," "hope," "optimistic," "plan," "outlook," "should," "could," "may" and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including without limitation those identified below, which could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or those anticipated. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The following factors could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or those anticipated: adverse economic conditions; the impact of competitive products and pricing; product demand and acceptance risks; raw material and other increased costs; raw materials availability; employee relations; ability to maintain workforce by hiring trained employees; labor efficiencies; customer delays or difficulties in the production of products; new fracking regulations; a prolonged decrease in oil and nickel prices; unforeseen delays in completing the integrations of acquisitions; risks associated with mergers, acquisitions, dispositions and other expansion activities; financial stability of our customers; environmental issues; negative or unexpected results from tax law changes; unavailability of debt financing on acceptable terms and exposure to increased market interest rate risk; inability to comply with covenants and ratios required by our debt financing arrangements; ability to weather an economic downturn; loss of consumer or investor confidence and other risks detailed from time-to-time in the Company's Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The Company assumes no obligation to update the information included in this release.

Non-GAAP Financial Information

Financial statement information included in this earnings release includes non-GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) measures and should be read along with the accompanying tables which provide a reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to GAAP measures.

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share are non-GAAP measures and exclude discontinued operations, goodwill impairment, stock option / grant costs, acquisition costs, shelf registration costs, earn-out adjustments, gain on excess death benefit, unrealized (gains) and losses on investments in equity securities, casualty insurance gain, and retention costs from net income. They also utilize a constant effective tax rate to reflect tax neutral results.

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure and excludes discontinued operations, goodwill impairment, interest expense, change in fair value of interest rate swap, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, stock option / grant costs, acquisition costs, shelf registration costs, earn-out adjustments, gain on excess death benefit, unrealized (gains) and losses on investments in equity securities, casualty insurance gain and retention costs from net income.

Management believes that these non-GAAP measures provide additional useful information to allow readers to compare the financial results between periods. Non-GAAP measures should not be considered as an alternative to any measure of performance or financial condition as promulgated under GAAP, and investors should consider the Company's performance and financial condition as reported under GAAP and all other relevant information when assessing the performance or financial condition of the Company. Non-GAAP measures have limitations as analytical tools, and investors should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the Company's results or financial condition as reported under GAAP.

Contact: Dennis Loughran at (804) 822-3266

 
Synalloy Corporation Comparative Analysis
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
    
 Three Months Ended
March 31
(unaudited)2019 2018
    
Net sales   
Metals Segment$71,103,000  $45,493,000 
Specialty Chemicals Segment13,701,000  12,988,000 
 $84,804,000  $58,481,000 
Operating income  
Metals Segment$1,437,000  $6,017,000 
Specialty Chemicals Segment614,000  863,000 
    
Unallocated expense (income)   
Corporate2,308,000  1,503,000 
Acquisition costs282,000   
Earn-out adjustments17,000  154,000 
Operating (loss) income(556,000) 5,223,000 
Interest expense1,024,000  314,000 
Change in fair value of interest rate swap48,000  (73,000)
Other (income) expense(295,000) 88,000 
    
Net (loss) income before income taxes(1,333,000) 4,894,000 
(Benefit) provision for income taxes(406,000) 1,059,000 
    
Net (loss) income$(927,000) $3,835,000 
    
Net (loss) income per common share   
Basic$(0.10) $0.44 
Diluted$(0.10) $0.44 
    
Average shares outstanding   
Basic8,927,000  8,746,000 
Diluted8,927,000  8,806,000 
    
Other data:   
Adjusted EBITDA (1)$4,767,000  $7,627,000 
 
(1) The term Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that the Company believes is useful to investors in evaluating its results to determine the value of a company. An item is included in the measure if its periodic value is inconsistent and sufficiently material that not identifying the item would render period comparability less meaningful to the reader or if including the item provides a clearer representation of normalized periodic earnings. The Company includes in Adjusted EBITDA two categories of items: 1) Base EBITDA components, including: earnings before discontinued operations, interest (including change in fair value of interest rate swap), income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and 2) Material transaction costs including: goodwill impairment, acquisition costs, acquisition related retention costs, shelf registration costs, earn-out adjustments, gain on excess death benefit, (gains) losses associated with Sale-leaseback, stock option/grant costs, and other adjustments (lesser value items meeting the criteria, where cumulative impact in a period is material). For a reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure to the most comparable GAAP equivalent, refer to the Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA as shown on next page.


Reconciliation of Net (Loss) Income to Adjusted EBITDA
 
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
(unaudited)Mar 31, 2019 Mar 31, 2018
Consolidated   
Net (loss) income$(927,000) $3,835,000 
Adjustments:   
Interest expense1,024,000  314,000 
Change in fair value of interest rate swap48,000  (73,000)
Income taxes(406,000) 1,059,000 
Depreciation1,890,000  1,371,000 
Amortization924,000  577,000 
EBITDA2,553,000  7,083,000 
Acquisition costs (1)1,640,000  186,000 
Earn-out adjustments17,000  154,000 
(Gain) loss on equity securities(273,000) 88,000 
Stock option / grant costs616,000  192,000 
Straight line lease cost137,000  92,000 
Amortized gain on sale of assets - sale-leaseback  (84,000)
Retention expense79,000  42,000 
Adjusted EBITDA$4,767,000  $7,627,000 
% sales5.6% 13.0%
    
Other (unfavorable) favorable impacts to income (2):   
Inventory price change (loss) gain$(3,375,000) $2,454,000 
Inventory cost adjustments111,000  (184,000)
Aged inventory adjustment(16,000) (57,000)
Manufacturing variances(496,000) 777,000 
Total other (unfavorable) favorable impacts$(3,776,000) $2,990,000 
    
Metals Segment   
Operating income$1,437,000  $6,017,000 
Adjustments:   
Depreciation expense1,482,000  1,022,000 
Amortization expense924,000  571,000 
EBITDA3,843,000  7,610,000 
Acquisition costs1,358,000  13,000 
Stock option / grant costs147,000  48,000 
Amortized gain on sale of assets - sale-leaseback  (60,000)
Retention expense54,000  42,000 
Metals Segment Adjusted EBITDA$5,401,000  $7,653,000 
% segment sales7.6% 16.8%
    
Other (unfavorable) favorable impacts to income (2):   
Inventory price change (loss) gain$(3,375,000) $2,454,000 
Inventory cost adjustments96,000  (190,000)
Aged inventory adjustment(17,000) (57,000)
Manufacturing variances(306,000) 886,000 
Total other (unfavorable) favorable impacts$(3,602,000) $3,093,000 
    
Specialty Chemicals Segment   
Operating income$614,000  $863,000 
Adjustments:   
Depreciation expense369,000  359,000 
Amortization expense  6,000 
EBITDA983,000  1,228,000 
Stock option / grant costs69,000  24,000 
Amortized gain on sale of assets - sale-leaseback  (24,000)
Specialty Chemicals Segment Adjusted EBITDA$1,052,000  $1,228,000 
% segment sales7.7% 9.5%
    
Other (unfavorable) favorable impacts to income (2):   
Inventory price change loss$  $6,000 
Inventory cost adjustments$15,000  $ 
Aged inventory adjustment1,000   
Manufacturing variances(190,000) (109,000)
Total other (unfavorable) favorable impacts$(174,000) $(103,000)
 
(1) Acquisition costs include the amortization of the incremental fair value above predecessor cost associated with acquired inventory that was sold during the quarter.
(2) Other favorable (unfavorable) impacts to income - listed to provide investors with insight into financial impacts, that cannot be included in the Non-GAAP measure Adjusted EBITDA, but management believes can provide insight into underlying operational earnings associated with the respective period's activity level. The items include a) inventory price change - the calculated value that profits improved (declined) due to the increase (decrease) in metal and alloy pricing indices during the period, and b)inventory valuation adjustments - value of periodic adjustment to inventory carrying value unrelated to periodic earnings including i) reserve for lower of cost or net realizable value, ii) reserve for aged inventory and iii) manufacturing variances - the calculated value of manufacturing absorption deferred into inventory to be amortized in a later period, rather than being shown in the period that created the benefit or cost.


Reconciliation of (Loss) Income and (Loss) Earnings Per Share to
Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Share
  
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
(unaudited)Mar 31, 2019 Mar 31, 2018
    
(Loss) income before taxes$(1,333,000) $4,894,000 
    
Adjustments:   
Acquisition costs1,640,000  13,000 
Earn-out adjustments17,000  154,000 
(Gain) loss on investments in equity securities(273,000) 88,000 
Stock option / grant costs616,000  192,000 
Straight line lease cost137,000  92,000 
Amortized gain on sale of assets - sale-leaseback  (84,000)
Retention expense79,000  42,000 
    
Adjusted income before income taxes882,000  5,391,000 
Provision for income taxes at 30.5%269,000  1,644,000 
    
Adjusted net income$613,000  $3,747,000 
    
Average shares outstanding, as reported   
Basic8,927,000  8,746,000 
Diluted8,927,000  8,806,000 
    
Adjusted net income per common share   
Basic$0.07  $0.43 
Diluted$0.07  $0.43 
    
Other (unfavorable) favorable impacts to income (2):  
Inventory price change gain (loss)$(3,375,000) $2,454,000 
Inventory cost adjustment111,000  (184,000)
Aged inventory adjustment(16,000) (57,000)
Manufacturing variance(496,000) 777,000 
    
Total other (unfavorable) favorable impacts$(3,776,000) $2,990,000 
Other impacts, net of tax$(2,624,000) $2,078,000 
 
(2) Other favorable (unfavorable) impacts to income - listed to provide investors with insight into financial impacts, that cannot be included in the Non-GAAP measure Adjusted Net Income, but management believes can provide insight into underlying operational earnings associated with the respective period's activity level. The items include a) inventory price change - the calculated value that profits improved (declined) due to the increase (decrease) in metal and alloy pricing indices during the period, and b)inventory valuation adjustments - value of periodic adjustment to inventory carrying value unrelated to periodic earnings including i) reserve for lower of cost or net realizable value, ii) reserve for aged inventory and iii) manufacturing variances - the calculated value of manufacturing absorption deferred into inventory to be amortized in a later period, rather than being shown in the period that created the benefit or cost.


Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
(unaudited)Mar 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018
    
Assets   
Cash$605,000  $2,220,000 
Accounts receivable, net46,858,000  41,065,000 
Inventories, net114,158,000  114,201,000 
Other current assets10,341,000  9,983,000 
Total current assets171,962,000  167,469,000 
    
Property, plant and equipment, net42,792,000  40,925,000 
Right-of-use assets, operating leases36,759,000   
Goodwill16,844,000  9,800,000 
Intangible assets, net18,772,000  9,696,000 
Other assets468,000  508,000 
    
Total assets$287,597,000  $228,398,000 
    
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity   
Accounts payable$30,440,000  $25,074,000 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities11,283,000  12,163,000 
Current portion of long-term debt4,000,000   
Current portion operating lease liabilities3,474,000   
Current portion of finance lease liabilities236,000   
Total current liabilities49,433,000  37,237,000 
    
Long-term debt87,481,000  76,405,000 
Long-term portion of earn-out liability7,409,000  4,703,000 
Long-term portion of operating lease liabilities34,366,000   
Long-term portion of finance lease liabilities539,000   
Long-term portion of deferred sale-leaseback gain  5,599,000 
Other long-term liabilities65,000  1,717,000 
Deferred income taxes1,508,000  253,000 
Shareholders' equity106,796,000  102,484,000 
    
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$287,597,000  $228,398,000 
 
Note: The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date.


Reconciliation of Forecasted 2019 Net Income to Forecasted 2019 Adjusted EBITDA
  
(unaudited)2019 Forecast
Consolidated 
Net income$9,423,000 
Adjustments: 
Interest expense3,493,000 
Income taxes2,659,000 
Depreciation7,436,000 
Amortization3,613,000 
EBITDA26,624,000 
Earn-out adjustments201,000 
Acquisition costs1,640,000 
Stock option / grant costs1,292,000 
(Gain) Loss on investments(273,000)
Straight line lease cost404,000 
Retention expense148,000 
Adjusted EBITDA$30,036,000 
  
Other favorable (unfavorable) impacts to income (2) 
Inventory price change loss$(3,375,000)
Inventory cost adjustments162,000 
Aged inventory adjustment(16,000)
Manufacturing variances(702,000)
Total other unfavorable impacts$(3,931,000)
 
(2) Other favorable (unfavorable) impacts to income - listed to provide investors with insight into financial impacts, that cannot be included in the Non-GAAP measure Adjusted Net Income, but management believes can provide insight into underlying operational earnings associated with the respective period's activity level. The items include a) inventory price change - the calculated value that profits improved (declined) due to the increase (decrease) in metal and alloy pricing indices during the period, and b)inventory valuation adjustments - value of periodic adjustment to inventory carrying value unrelated to periodic earnings including i) reserve for lower of cost or net realizable value, ii) reserve for aged inventory and iii) manufacturing variances - the calculated value of manufacturing absorption deferred into inventory to be amortized in a later period, rather than being shown in the period that created the benefit or cost.

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