Credit Acceptance Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2017 Earnings

Southfield, Michigan, Jan. 30, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Credit Acceptance Corporation CACC (referred to as the "Company", "Credit Acceptance", "we", "our", or "us") today announced consolidated net income of $177.1 million, or $9.10 per diluted share, for the three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to consolidated net income of $87.6 million, or $4.33 per diluted share, for the same period in 2016. For the year ended December 31, 2017, consolidated net income was $470.2 million, or $24.04 per diluted share, compared to consolidated net income of $332.8 million, or $16.31 per diluted share, for the same period in 2016.

Our GAAP financial results reflect the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017, which increased consolidated net income by $99.8 million, or $5.13 and $5.10 per diluted share, respectively, for the three months and year ended December 31, 2017.

Adjusted net income, a non-GAAP financial measure, for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was $100.5 million, or $5.16 per diluted share, compared to $96.7 million, or $4.79 per diluted share, for the same period in 2016. For the year ended December 31, 2017, adjusted net income was $399.8 million, or $20.44 per diluted share, compared to adjusted net income of $360.6 million, or $17.67 per diluted share, for the same period in 2016.

Webcast Details

We will host a webcast on January 30, 2018 at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time to answer questions related to our fourth quarter and full year results.  The webcast can be accessed live by visiting the "Investor Relations" section of our website at creditacceptance.com or by dialing 877-303-2904.  Additionally, a replay and transcript of the webcast will be archived in the "Investor Relations" section of our website.

Consumer Loan Metrics

Dealers assign retail installment contracts (referred to as "Consumer Loans") to Credit Acceptance. At the time a Consumer Loan is submitted to us for assignment, we forecast future expected cash flows from the Consumer Loan. Based on the amount and timing of these forecasts and expected expense levels, an advance or one-time purchase payment is made to the related dealer at a price designed to maximize economic profit, a non-GAAP financial measure that considers our return on capital, our cost of capital and the amount of capital invested.

We use a statistical model to estimate the expected collection rate for each Consumer Loan at the time of assignment. We continue to evaluate the expected collection rate of each Consumer Loan subsequent to assignment. Our evaluation becomes more accurate as the Consumer Loans age, as we use actual performance data in our forecast. By comparing our current expected collection rate for each Consumer Loan with the rate we projected at the time of assignment, we are able to assess the accuracy of our initial forecast. The following table compares our forecast of Consumer Loan collection rates as of December 31, 2017, with the forecasts as of September 30, 2017, as of December 31, 2016 and at the time of assignment, segmented by year of assignment:

(1)   Represents the total forecasted collections we expect to collect on the Consumer Loans as a percentage of the repayments that we were contractually owed on the Consumer Loans at the time of assignment.  Contractual repayments include both principal and interest. Forecasted collection rates are negatively impacted by canceled Consumer Loans as the contractual amount owed is not removed from the denominator for purposes of computing forecasted collection rates in the table.
(2)   The forecasted collection rate for 2017 Consumer Loans as of December 31, 2017 includes both Consumer Loans that were in our portfolio as of September 30, 2017 and Consumer Loans assigned during the most recent quarter. The following table provides forecasted collection rates for each of these segments:

Consumer Loans assigned in 2009 through 2013 and 2017 have yielded forecasted collection results materially better than our initial estimates, while Consumer Loans assigned in 2015 have yielded forecasted collection results materially worse than our initial estimates. For Consumer Loans assigned in 2008, 2014 and 2016, actual results have been close to our initial estimates. For the three months ended December 31, 2017, forecasted collection rates improved for Consumer Loans assigned in 2017 and were generally consistent with expectations at the start of the period for all other assignment years presented. For the year ended December 31, 2017, forecasted collection rates improved for Consumer Loans assigned in 2017, declined for Consumer Loans assigned in 2015 and 2016 and were generally consistent with expectations at the start of the period for all other assignment years presented.

The changes in forecasted collection rates for the three months and year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 impacted forecasted net cash flows (forecasted collections less forecasted dealer holdback payments) as follows:

In addition to the statistical model used to forecast collection rates, we use a model to forecast the timing of future net cash flows. During the fourth quarter of 2017, we updated our net cash flow timing model to incorporate more recent data. The revised forecast resulted in an expected cash flow stream with a lower net present value as compared to the prior forecast, as less cash flows are expected in earlier periods and more cash flows are expected in later periods.

The reduction in net present value was primarily the result of a change in the expected timing of cash flows from longer-term Consumer Loans. Due to our limited historical experience with longer-term Consumer Loans, our prior model relied on extrapolations from the historical performance of shorter-term Consumer Loans to predict the timing of future net cash flows on longer-term Consumer Loans. We now have additional historical experience on these longer-term loans which we used to refine our estimate.

The revision to our net cash flow timing forecast does not impact the amount of undiscounted net cash flows we expect to receive. As a result, the dollar amount of future net portfolio revenue (finance charges less provision for credit losses) is not impacted by the revision. However, the revision does impact the period in which those net revenues will be recorded. The revision impacts GAAP and adjusted results differently.

For GAAP results, a portion of the impact of the revised timing estimate was recorded as a current period expense and a portion was recorded as a yield adjustment. For the fourth quarter of 2017, the revision increased provision for credit losses by $41.6 million, reduced finance charge revenue by $7.3 million and reduced net income by $30.8 million. The revision reduced the GAAP yield on our loan portfolio by 90 basis points, which will impact the timing of revenue recognition in future periods.

For adjusted results, the entire impact of the revised timing estimate was recorded as a yield adjustment. For the fourth quarter of 2017, the revision reduced adjusted finance charge revenue and adjusted net income by $12.1 million and $7.6 million, respectively. The revision reduced the adjusted yield on our loan portfolio by 140 basis points, which will impact the timing of revenue recognition in future periods.

The following table presents information on the average Consumer Loan assignment for each of the last 10 years:

(1)     Represents the repayments that we were contractually owed on Consumer Loans at the time of assignment, which include both principal and interest.

(2)     Represents advances paid to dealers on Consumer Loans assigned under our portfolio program and one-time payments made to dealers to purchase Consumer Loans assigned under our purchase program.  Payments of dealer holdback and accelerated dealer holdback are not included.

(3)     The averages for 2017 Consumer Loans include both Consumer Loans that were in our portfolio as of September 30, 2017 and Consumer Loans assigned during the most recent quarter. The following table provides averages for each of these segments:

Forecasting collection rates accurately at loan inception is difficult.  With this in mind, we establish advance rates that are intended to allow us to achieve acceptable levels of profitability, even if collection rates are less than we initially forecast.

The following table presents forecasted Consumer Loan collection rates, advance rates, the spread (the forecasted collection rate less the advance rate), and the percentage of the forecasted collections that had been realized as of December 31, 2017.  All amounts, unless otherwise noted, are presented as a percentage of the initial balance of the Consumer Loan (principal + interest).  The table includes both dealer loans and purchased loans.

(1)   Represents advances paid to dealers on Consumer Loans assigned under our portfolio program and one-time payments made to dealers to purchase Consumer Loans assigned under our purchase program as a percentage of the initial balance of the Consumer Loans.  Payments of dealer holdback and accelerated dealer holdback are not included.

(2)   Presented as a percentage of total forecasted collections.

(3)   The forecasted collection rate, advance rate and spread for 2017 Consumer Loans as of December 31, 2017 include both Consumer Loans that were in our portfolio as of September 30, 2017 and Consumer Loans assigned during the most recent quarter. The following table provides forecasted collection rates, advance rates and spreads for each of these segments:

The risk of a material change in our forecasted collection rate declines as the Consumer Loans age.  For 2013 and prior Consumer Loan assignments, the risk of a material forecast variance is modest, as we have currently realized in excess of 90% of the expected collections.  Conversely, the forecasted collection rates for more recent Consumer Loan assignments are less certain as a significant portion of our forecast has not been realized.

The spread between the forecasted collection rate and the advance rate has ranged from 21.0% to 35.6% over the last 10 years. The spread was at the high end of this range in 2009 and 2010, when the competitive environment was unusually favorable, and much lower during other years (2014 through 2017) when competition was more intense. The decline in the advance rate from 2016 to 2017 reflects the lower initial forecast on Consumer Loan assignments received in 2017, partially offset by an increase in purchased loans as a percentage of total unit volume. The increase in the spread from 2016 to 2017 was the result of the performance of 2017 Consumer Loans, which has materially exceeded our initial estimates, partially offset by a change in the mix of Consumer Loan assignments received during 2017, including an increase in purchased loans as a percentage of total unit volume.

The following table compares our forecast of Consumer Loan collection rates as of December 31, 2017 with the forecasts at the time of assignment, for dealer loans and purchased loans separately:

(1)   The forecasted collection rates presented for dealer loans and purchased loans reflect the Consumer Loan classification at the time of assignment. Under our portfolio program, certain events may result in dealers forfeiting their rights to dealer holdback. We transfer the dealer's Consumer Loans from the dealer loan portfolio to the purchased loan portfolio in the period this forfeiture occurs. During the fourth quarter of 2017, we changed the presentation of current forecasted collection rates for each Consumer Loan assignment year to exclude the impact of transfers.  Prior to the fourth quarter of 2017, the presentation of current forecasted collection rates for each Consumer Loan assignment year reflected the current Consumer Loan classification.

The following table presents forecasted Consumer Loan collection rates, advance rates, and the spread (the forecasted collection rate less the advance rate) as of December 31, 2017 for dealer loans and purchased loans separately.  All amounts are presented as a percentage of the initial balance of the Consumer Loan (principal + interest).

(1)   The forecasted collection rates and advance rates presented for dealer loans and purchased loans reflect the Consumer Loan classification at the time of assignment. Under our portfolio program, certain events may result in dealers forfeiting their rights to dealer holdback. We transfer the dealer's Consumer Loans from the dealer loan portfolio to the purchased loan portfolio in the period this forfeiture occurs. During the fourth quarter of 2017, we changed the presentation of forecasted collection rates and advance rates for each Consumer Loan assignment year to exclude the impact of transfers.  Prior to the fourth quarter of 2017, the presentation of forecasted collection rates and advance rates for each Consumer Loan assignment year reflected the current Consumer Loan classification.

(2)   Represents advances paid to dealers on Consumer Loans assigned under our portfolio program and one-time payments made to dealers to purchase Consumer Loans assigned under our purchase program as a percentage of the initial balance of the Consumer Loans.  Payments of dealer holdback and accelerated dealer holdback are not included.

During the fourth quarter of 2017, we transferred $89.0 million of dealer loans along with the related allowance for credit losses balance of $31.8 million to purchased loans.  Under our portfolio program, certain events may result in dealers forfeiting their rights to dealer holdback. Substantially all of these transfers relate to dealers where events had occurred in prior periods that met our criteria for forfeiture. However, while we intended to exercise our rights to dealer holdback in the period the forfeiture event occurred, we did not exercise our rights for these dealers until the fourth quarter of 2017.

Although the advance rate on purchased loans is higher as compared to the advance rate on dealer loans, purchased loans do not require us to pay dealer holdback.

The spread on dealer loans increased from 21.8% in 2016 to 22.9% in 2017 as a result of the performance of 2017 Consumer Loans in our dealer loan portfolio, which has exceeded our initial estimates, while those assigned to us in 2016 have declined from our initial estimates, partially offset by a change in the mix of Consumer Loan assignments.

The spread on purchased loans increased from 18.9% in 2016 to 21.3% in 2017 as a result of the performance of 2017 Consumer Loans in our purchased loan portfolio, which exceeded our initial estimates by a greater margin than those assigned to us in 2016, partially offset by a change in the mix of Consumer Loan assignments.

Consumer Loan Volume

The following table summarizes changes in Consumer Loan assignment volume in each of the last eight quarters as compared to the same period in the previous year:

(1)   Represents advances paid to dealers on Consumer Loans assigned under our portfolio program and one-time payments made to dealers to purchase Consumer Loans assigned under our purchase program.  Payments of dealer holdback and accelerated dealer holdback are not included.

Consumer Loan assignment volumes depend on a number of factors including (1) the overall demand for our financing programs, (2) the amount of capital available to fund new loans, and (3) our assessment of the volume that our infrastructure can support.  Our pricing strategy is intended to maximize the amount of economic profit we generate, within the confines of capital and infrastructure constraints.

Unit and dollar volumes grew 10.8% and 26.2%, respectively, during the fourth quarter of 2017 as the number of active dealers grew 8.6% while average volume per active dealer grew 2.1%. Dollar volume grew faster than unit volume during the fourth quarter of 2017 due to an increase in the average advance paid per unit. This increase was the result of an increase in the average size of the Consumer Loans assigned primarily due to increases in the average initial loan term and average vehicle selling price and an increase in purchased loans as a percentage of total unit volume.

The following table summarizes the changes in Consumer Loan unit volume and active dealers:

(1)   Active dealers are dealers who have received funding for at least one Consumer Loan during the period.

The following table provides additional information on the changes in Consumer Loan unit volume and active dealers:

(1)   New active dealers are dealers who enrolled in our program and have received funding for their first dealer loan or purchased loan from us during the period.

(2)   Attrition is measured according to the following formula:  decrease in Consumer Loan unit volume from dealers who have received funding for at least one dealer loan or purchased loan during the comparable period of the prior year but did not receive funding for any dealer loans or purchased loans during the current period divided by prior year comparable period Consumer Loan unit volume.

The following table shows the percentage of Consumer Loans assigned to us as dealer loans and purchased loans for each of the last eight quarters:

(1)   Represents advances paid to dealers on Consumer Loans assigned under our portfolio program and one-time payments made to dealers to purchase Consumer Loans assigned under our purchase program.  Payments of dealer holdback and accelerated dealer holdback are not included.

As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the net dealer loans receivable balance was 68.2% and 74.6%, respectively, of the total net loans receivable balance.

Financial Results

The increase in GAAP net income for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, was primarily the result of the following:

• A decrease in provision for income taxes of 201.3% ($108.7 million) primarily due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017, which resulted in the reversal of $99.8 million of provision for income taxes. While the new federal statutory rate was not effective until January 1, 2018, we were required to revalue deferred taxes and uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2017 at the new federal statutory rate. Based on currently enacted federal and state statutory income tax rates, we believe our long-term effective tax rate will decrease from 37% in past years to 23% in 2018 and future years.
• An increase in finance charges of 12.9% ($29.9 million) primarily due to growth in our loan portfolio.
• An increase in provision for credit losses of 123.7% ($33.9 million) primarily due to the revision of our net cash flow timing forecast during the fourth quarter of 2017, which increased provision for credit losses by $41.6 million.
• An increase in operating expenses of 19.7% ($10.9 million) primarily due to:
  • An increase in salaries and wages expense of 22.0% ($6.9 million) comprised of the following:
    • An increase of $5.2 million in stock-based compensation expense primarily due to 2017 stock awards.
    • A decrease of $1.3 million in cash-based incentive compensation expense primarily due to a decline in Company performance measures.
    • Excluding the changes in stock-based and cash-based incentive compensation expenses, salaries and wages expense increased $3.0 million related to increases of $1.7 million for our support function and $1.3 million in our servicing function primarily as a result of an increase in the number of team members.
  • An increase in sales and marketing expense of 26.7% ($3.1 million) primarily due to an increase in the size of our sales force and an increase in sales commissions related to growth in Consumer Loan assignment volume.
• An increase in interest expense of 22.9% ($6.0 million) primarily due to an increase in the average outstanding debt principal balance due to debt proceeds used to fund the growth in our loan portfolio and stock repurchases.

The increase in GAAP net income for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, was primarily the result of the following:

• An increase in finance charges of 15.7% ($137.2 million) primarily due to growth in our loan portfolio.
• A decrease in provision for income taxes of 42.7% ($84.8 million) primarily due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017 discussed above, which resulted in the reversal of $99.8 million of provision for income taxes.
• An increase in provision for credit losses of 43.3% ($39.1 million) primarily due to the revision of our net cash flow timing forecast during the fourth quarter of 2017, which increased provision for credit losses by $41.6 million.
• An increase in operating expenses of 13.3% ($29.9 million) due to:
  • An increase in salaries and wages expense of 10.8% ($13.6 million) comprised of the following:
    • An increase of $7.9 million in stock-based compensation expense primarily due to 2017 stock awards.
    • A decrease of $4.8 million in cash-based incentive compensation expense primarily due to a decline in Company performance measures.
    • Excluding the changes in stock-based and cash-based incentive compensation expenses, salaries and wages expense increased $10.5 million primarily related to an increase of $6.2 million for our servicing function and $3.9 million in our support function as a result of an increase in the number of team members.
  • An increase in sales and marketing expense of 18.2% ($9.0 million) primarily due to an increase in the size of our sales force.
  • An increase in general and administrative expense of 15.1% ($7.3 million) primarily as a result of an increase in legal fees.
• An increase in interest expense of 23.0% ($22.5 million) primarily due to an increase in the average outstanding debt principal balance due to debt proceeds used to fund the growth in our loan portfolio and stock repurchases.

Adjusted financial results are provided to help shareholders understand our financial performance.  The financial data below is non-GAAP, unless labeled otherwise.  We use adjusted financial information internally to measure financial performance and to determine incentive compensation.  The table below shows our results following adjustments to reflect non-GAAP accounting methods.  Material adjustments are explained in the table footnotes and the subsequent "Floating Yield Adjustment" and "Senior Notes Adjustment" sections.  Measures such as adjusted average capital, adjusted net income, adjusted net income per diluted share, adjusted net income plus interest expense after-tax, adjusted return on capital, adjusted revenue, operating expenses, and economic profit are all non-GAAP financial measures.  These non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative for, our reported results prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Adjusted financial results for the three months and year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the same periods in 2016, include the following:

Economic profit decreased 3.9% and increased 4.1%, respectively, for the three months and year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to the same periods in 2016.  Economic profit is a function of the return on capital in excess of the cost of capital and the amount of capital invested in the business.  The following table summarizes the impact each of these components had on the change in economic profit for the three months and year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to the same periods in 2016:

The decrease in economic profit for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, was primarily the result of the following:

• A decrease in our adjusted return on capital of 110 basis points primarily as a result of a decline in the yield on our loan portfolio, which decreased the adjusted return on capital by 100 basis points, primarily due to the revision of our net cash flow timing forecast during the fourth quarter of 2017 and lower yields on more recent Consumer Loan assignments.
• An increase in adjusted average capital of 18.0% due to growth in our loan portfolio.

The increase in economic profit for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, was primarily the result of the following:

• An increase in adjusted average capital of 19.7% due to growth in our loan portfolio.
• An increase in our cost of capital of 20 basis points primarily due to an increase in the 30-year Treasury rate, which is used in the average cost of equity calculation.
• A decrease in our adjusted return on capital of 70 basis points primarily as a result of the following:
  • A decline in the yield on our loan portfolio decreased the adjusted return on capital by 80 basis points primarily due to lower yields on more recent Consumer Loan assignments and the revision of our net cash flow timing forecast during the fourth quarter of 2017.
  • Slower growth in operating expenses increased the adjusted return on capital by 20 basis points as operating expenses grew 13.3% while adjusted average capital grew 19.7%.

The following table shows adjusted revenue and operating expenses as a percentage of adjusted average capital, the adjusted return on capital, and the percentage change in adjusted average capital for each of the last eight quarters, compared to the same period in the prior year:

(1)   Annualized.

The decrease in adjusted return on capital of 90 basis points for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017, was the primarily the result of a decline in the yield on our loan portfolio, which decreased the adjusted return on capital by 80 basis points, primarily due to the revision of our net cash flow timing forecast during the fourth quarter of 2017.

The following tables provide a reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to GAAP measures.  All after-tax adjustments are calculated using a 37% tax rate which represents our long-term effective tax rate for 2017 and prior years. Based on currently enacted federal and state statutory income tax rates, including the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017, we believe our long-term effective tax rate will decrease to 23% for 2018 and future years.  Certain amounts do not recalculate due to rounding.

(1)   Net income per share is computed independently for each of the quarters presented. Therefore, the sum of quarterly net income per share information may not equal year-to-date net income per share.

(2)   The enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017 resulted in the reversal of $99.8 million of provision for income taxes in the fourth quarter of 2017. While the new federal statutory rate was not effective until January 1, 2018, we were required to revalue deferred taxes and uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2017 at the new federal statutory rate. This adjustment removes the impact of this reversal from GAAP average shareholders' equity. We believe the income tax adjustment provides a more accurate reflection of the performance of our business as we are recognizing provision for income taxes at the applicable long-term effective tax rate for the period.

(3)   Annualized.

(1)   Calculated by dividing GAAP net income by GAAP average shareholders' equity.

(2)   Adjusted return on capital is defined as adjusted net income plus adjusted interest expense (after-tax) divided by adjusted average capital.

(3)   The cost of capital includes both a cost of equity and a cost of debt.  The cost of equity capital is determined based on a formula that considers the risk of the business and the risk associated with our use of debt.  The formula utilized for determining the cost of equity capital is as follows: (the average 30-year Treasury rate + 5%) + [(1 – tax rate) x (the average 30-year Treasury rate + 5% – pre-tax average cost of debt rate) x average debt/(average equity + average debt x tax rate)].  For the periods presented, the average 30-year Treasury rate and the adjusted pre-tax average cost of debt were as follows:

(4)   Annualized.

(1)  The enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017 resulted in the reversal of $99.8 million of provision for income taxes in the fourth quarter of 2017. While the new federal statutory rate was not effective until January 1, 2018, we were required to revalue deferred taxes and uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2017 at the new federal statutory rate. This adjustment removes the impact of this reversal from GAAP average shareholders' equity. We believe the income tax adjustment provides a more accurate reflection of the performance of our business as we are recognizing provision for income taxes at the applicable long-term effective tax rate for the period.

(2)   Calculated by dividing GAAP net income by GAAP average shareholders' equity.

(3)   Adjusted return on capital is defined as adjusted net income plus adjusted interest expense after-tax divided by adjusted average capital.

(4)   The cost of capital includes both a cost of equity and a cost of debt.  The cost of equity capital is determined based on a formula that considers the risk of the business and the risk associated with our use of debt.  The formula utilized for determining the cost of equity capital is as follows: (the average 30-year Treasury rate + 5%) + [(1 - tax rate) x (the average 30-year Treasury rate + 5% - pre-tax average cost of debt rate) x average debt/(average equity + average debt x tax rate)].  For the periods presented, the average 30-year Treasury rate and the adjusted pre-tax average cost of debt were as follows:

Floating Yield Adjustment

The purpose of this non-GAAP adjustment is to modify the calculation of our GAAP-based finance charge revenue so that favorable and unfavorable changes in expected cash flows from loans receivable are treated consistently.  To make the adjustment understandable, we must first explain how GAAP requires us to account for finance charge revenue, our primary revenue source.

The finance charge revenue we will recognize over the life of the loan equals the cash inflows from our loan portfolio less cash outflows to acquire the loans.  Our GAAP finance charge revenue is based on estimates of future cash flows and is recognized on a level-yield basis over the estimated life of the loan.  With the level-yield approach, the amount of finance charge revenue recognized from a loan in a given period, divided by the loan asset, is a constant percentage.  Under GAAP, favorable changes in expected cash flows are treated as increases to the yield and are recognized over time, while unfavorable changes are recorded as a current period expense.  The non-GAAP methodology that we use (the "floating yield" method) is identical to the GAAP approach except that, under the "floating yield" method, all changes in expected cash flows (both positive and negative) are treated as yield adjustments and therefore impact earnings over time.  The GAAP treatment results in a lower carrying value of the loan receivable asset, but may result in either higher or lower earnings for any given period depending on the timing and amount of expected cash flow changes.

We believe the floating yield adjustment provides a more accurate reflection of the performance of our business, since both favorable and unfavorable changes in estimated cash flows are treated consistently.

Senior Notes Adjustment

On January 22, 2014, we issued $300.0 million of 6.125% senior notes due 2021 (the "2021 notes") in a private offering exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933. On February 21, 2014, we used the net proceeds from the 2021 notes, together with borrowings under our revolving credit facilities, to redeem in full the $350.0 million outstanding principal amount of our 9.125% senior notes due 2017 (the "2017 notes"). The purpose of this non-GAAP adjustment is to modify our GAAP financial results to treat the issuance of the 2021 notes as a refinancing of the 2017 notes.

Under GAAP, the redemption of the 2017 notes in the first quarter of 2014 required us to recognize a pre-tax loss on extinguishment of debt of $21.8 million. Under our non-GAAP approach, the loss on extinguishment of debt and additional interest expense that was recognized for GAAP purposes for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 was deferred as a debt issuance cost and is being recognized ratably as interest expense over the term of the 2021 notes. In addition, for adjusted average capital purposes, the impact of additional outstanding debt related to the one month lag from the issuance of the 2021 notes to the redemption of the 2017 notes was deferred and is being recognized ratably over the term of the 2021 notes.

We believe the senior notes adjustment provides a more accurate reflection of the performance of our business, since we are recognizing the costs incurred with this transaction in a manner consistent with how we recognize the costs incurred when we periodically refinance our other debt facilities.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information

We claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for all of our forward-looking statements.  Statements in this release that are not historical facts, such as those using terms like "may," "will," "should," "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "assume," "forecast," "estimate," "intend," "plan," "target" and those regarding our future results, plans and objectives, are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the federal securities laws.  These forward-looking statements represent our outlook only as of the date of this release.  Actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements since the statements are based on our current expectations, which are subject to risks and uncertainties.  Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, the factors set forth in Item 1A of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 10, 2017, other risk factors discussed herein or listed from time to time in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the following:

• Our inability to accurately forecast and estimate the amount and timing of future collections could have a material adverse effect on results of operations.
• We may be unable to execute our business strategy due to current economic conditions.
• We may be unable to continue to access or renew funding sources and obtain capital needed to maintain and grow our business.
• The terms of our debt limit how we conduct our business.
• A violation of the terms of our asset-backed secured financing facilities or revolving secured warehouse facilities could have a material adverse impact on our operations.
• The conditions of the U.S. and international capital markets may adversely affect lenders with which we have relationships, causing us to incur additional costs and reducing our sources of liquidity, which may adversely affect our financial position, liquidity and results of operations.
• Our substantial debt could negatively impact our business, prevent us from satisfying our debt obligations and adversely affect our financial condition.
• Due to competition from traditional financing sources and non-traditional lenders, we may not be able to compete successfully.
• We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flows to service our outstanding debt and fund operations and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under such debt.
• Interest rate fluctuations may adversely affect our borrowing costs, profitability and liquidity.
• Reduction in our credit rating could increase the cost of our funding from, and restrict our access to, the capital markets and adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
• We may incur substantially more debt and other liabilities.  This could exacerbate further the risks associated with our current debt levels.
• The regulation to which we are or may become subject could result in a material adverse effect on our business.
• Adverse changes in economic conditions, the automobile or finance industries, or the non-prime consumer market could adversely affect our financial position, liquidity and results of operations, the ability of key vendors that we depend on to supply us with services, and our ability to enter into future financing transactions.
• Litigation we are involved in from time to time may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
• Changes in tax laws and the resolution of uncertain income tax matters could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows from operations.
• Our dependence on technology could have a material adverse effect on our business.
• Our use of electronic contracts could impact our ability to perfect our ownership or security interest in Consumer Loans.
• Reliance on third parties to administer our ancillary product offerings could adversely affect our business and financial results.
• We are dependent on our senior management and the loss of any of these individuals or an inability to hire additional team members could adversely affect our ability to operate profitably.
• Our reputation is a key asset to our business, and our business may be affected by how we are perceived in the marketplace.
• The concentration of our dealers in several states could adversely affect us.
• Failure to properly safeguard confidential consumer and team member information could subject us to liability, decrease our profitability and damage our reputation.
• A small number of our shareholders have the ability to significantly influence matters requiring shareholder approval and such shareholders have interests which may conflict with the interests of our other security holders.
• Reliance on our outsourced business functions could adversely affect our business.
• Our ability to hire and retain foreign information technology personnel could be hindered by immigration restrictions.
• Natural disasters, acts of war, terrorist attacks and threats or the escalation of military activity in response to these attacks or otherwise may negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Other factors not currently anticipated by management may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.  We do not undertake, and expressly disclaim any obligation, to update or alter our statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

Description of Credit Acceptance Corporation

Since 1972, Credit Acceptance has offered financing programs that enable automobile dealers to sell vehicles to consumers, regardless of their credit history.  Our financing programs are offered through a nationwide network of automobile dealers who benefit from sales of vehicles to consumers who otherwise could not obtain financing; from repeat and referral sales generated by these same customers; and from sales to customers responding to advertisements for our financing programs, but who actually end up qualifying for traditional financing.

Without our financing programs, consumers are often unable to purchase vehicles or they purchase unreliable ones.  Further, as we report to the three national credit reporting agencies, an important ancillary benefit of our programs is that we provide consumers with an opportunity to improve their lives by improving their credit score and move on to more traditional sources of financing. Credit Acceptance is publicly traded on the NASDAQ under the symbol CACC.  For more information, visit creditacceptance.com.

CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
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CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
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Investor Relations: Douglas W. Busk
Senior Vice President and Treasurer
(248) 353-2700 Ext. 4432
IR@creditacceptance.com